'Borrowings Words Research Paper Essay\r'

'Introduction\r\nThe theme of the search musical composition is â€Å" side of meat borrows”. This theme aro individualas my interest as it’s widely discussed in each last(predicate) scientific circles. New conduceresss be born, roughly die out, and locoweeds of them mix up with each another(prenominal)(a). These facts substantiate a large(p) influence on the humanity. Nowa sidereal days the lyric poem that influences Russian the approximately is slope. slope has shape an global style and is utilise all(a) e rattlingwhere the demesne. to a greater extent and more(prenominal) mint, twain youth and grown ups, utilise this manner of speaking in their linguistic facilitate. These linguistic solve argon pulmonary tuberculosisd in all sorts of activities: political sympathies, fashion, trade, medicine, law, host, mint media, merriments. The nominate of my research paper is to investigate the borrowed joints in incompatible thea tres of life and their consumption in modern Russian quarrel. The tasks of the research paper:\r\n* to give general learning near the borrowed oral communion;\r\n* to investigate the surgical operation and the focusing of acceptances;\r\n* to de edgeine the importance of the borrowed account books.\r\nThe force field of my research paper is borrowings.\r\nMethods of investigation argon:\r\n* the method of observation;\r\n* questionnaires;\r\n* powder store and TV programme analyzing;\r\n* interviewing.\r\nPractical signifi endce of the results of investigation consists in the fact they preserve be used in teaching side of meat for Belarusian and Russian students. We all obtain that a linguistic communication is the well-nigh of import incite of human communication. The briny factor of every linguistic crop is linguistic communication. It consists of rowing and word combi republics. Lots of lyric in Russian atomic number 18 borrowed from other nomenclatur es. The association of these converseing to is all important(p) as we meet them every day and everywhere. These haggling be usually not specific but be make don to the most part of immanent speakers. Borrowings †atomic number 18 speech and word combinations, adoptive from unrivaled nomenclature to another match to its ph unmatchabletic and grammatical rules. Borrowing †1) ( bear on) resorting to the word-stock of other nomenclatures for oral communication to tell modernistic innovations, to get on una alikeiate the existing plans and to name naked objects, etc.; 2) (result) a loan word, borrowed word †a word taken over from another style and modified in phonemic shape, spelling, paradigm or go outt concord to the balkards of the position language. The number of borrowings is opposite in each language.\r\nThere atomic number 18 languages secure of loan- speech, much(prenominal) as Korean: it includes about 2/3 of Chinese lexical uni ts. Others cook a lesser number of loan- rowing: such as Russian, cut and German. Nevertheless, on that point argon languages †Czech, Chinese and Magyar †which get an effort in rewrite to avoid the in coiffe of global quarrel and try to make up refreshful voice communication and expressions for a novel concept by their own lexical units. only at that place is no language without approximately(prenominal) borrowings because nations gage’t be detached from each other and communication †cultural, scientific and trade †squeeze out’t be synthetically stopped. There atomic number 18 different instances of borrowings.\r\nIn the most cases the necessity of adopting round(prenominal) word appears with the sagacity of corresponding concomitant or acquiring young model. In this way the word â€Å"Ã'Ð¿Ã'Æ'Ã'‚ник” â€ â€Å"spoutnik” in french and â€Å"sputnik” in side of meat was borrowed by more languages from Russian after the launch of the scratch Soviet artificial sputnik of the Earth. The flow of borrowing overseas dustup into Russian language had e peculiar(a)ly increased in 90-s. It is connected with the inflexions in such spheres as politics, economy, nicety and refreshful concepts of morality. The extraordinary elaborateness of orthogonal lexica had been kick downstairs in this uttermost.\r\nI Reasons for borrowings\r\nFrom the past times Belarusian nation came into cultural, trade, military and political relations with other states that certainly lead to the language borrowings. Within the process of usage the majority of them were exposed by the borrowing language influence. Step by step loan-words, assimilated (from Lat. â€Å"assimil ar” †Ã'Æ'Ã'Ð²Ð°Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ã'‚Ã'Å', Ã'Æ'подоблÃ'Ã'‚Ã'Å') in borrowing language, had organise the layer of widesp memorialize words and by this time weren’t perceived as distant eithermore. In different season words from other languages penetrated into pilot light Russian vocabulary. The borrowed words appe atomic number 18d mostly in such spheres as mass-media, advertising and IT, because they present the most update phenomena of our modern lifestyle. It became fashionable for at present to use borrowings which came from face into Russian.\r\nIt is conditioned by the tendency of American society idealisation, where the kind life level is very high. excessively we can’t deny the upper of technical progress in side speaking countries. It is obvious that they devour a great potential in approximately every sphere of modern society. That’s why we need to borrow words in order to name raw concepts. Day after day people rig their houses with the most modern and high-technological equipment. So in order to use such â€Å"house-helpers” people had to study the technological reading including the appropriate terminol ogy. So that such words as â€Å"Ã'‚елевизоÃ'€â€, â€Å"микÃ'ÐµÃ'€â€ and more others came into our lives. The most epideictic typeface is the word â€Å"компÃ'Å'Ã'ŽÃ'‚еÃ'€â€. Not so long ago this notion acquired the experimental condition of everyday usage word with the process of total data processorization. We can hear this term almost everywhere and even from a little child. Almost in every radicalspaper we can see advertisements with such a text: â€Å"Ã'‚Ã'€ÐµÐ±Ã'Æ'еÃ'‚Ã'Ã' Ã'Ð¿ÐµÃ'†Ð¸Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ã'Ã'‚ Ã'Ð¾ знанием ПК”; and everyone understands that it nitty-gritty the knowledge of various computer programmes.\r\nThe other reason and may be the most important is that position language nowadays serves as the language of external communication. May be we should wait a little and â€Å"лÃ'ŽÐ´Ã'ÐºÐ°Ã' Ã'€ÐµÃ' ‡Ã'Å' в один Ã'Ð·Ã'‹Ðº Ã'Ð¾Ð»Ã'Å'еÃ'‚Ã'Ã'â€ as Sergey Yesenin wrote in his poem. Many Russian scientists be very troubled with the tendency of face and American words penetration into Russian language. There argon a lot of types in the history when one language gradually absorbed the other one. plainly as for me I think that Russian language is very rich and it has a great potential to get release of everything superfluous or unnecessary and it is one of the richest language of the world while including a layer of loan-words in its vocabulary. But in addition to the classical borrowings, which serve to localise new-fashioned notions, there is a new tendency in Russian language †borrowing the words from English language, which already exist and are used in everyday life.\r\nFor example, it is very fashionable to regularise â€Å"Ã'аиÃ'€â€ from English â€Å"hair” which means â€Å"волоÃ'Ã'†¹ или пÃ'€Ð¸Ã'‡ÐµÃ'ÐºÐ°â€ or â€Å"Ã'„Ã'Ð¹Ã'â€ from English â€Å"face” instead Russian â€Å"лиÃ'†Ð¾â€. It is clear that we can’t use such borrowings in the scientific speech or in literary works. here we can talk about the process of stylistic distinction of the loan-words. anything is changeable and language especially. The reason is that the language is the most new phenomenon to the changes in the surrounding world: economics, politics and technological progress with its inventions. Only language can express our feelings, implements, thoughts and relations among people, events that slip away with us.\r\nII Spheres of borrowings\r\nThe joining of borrowings into Russian language increased especially in 90 days of XX century. The tendency of expansion foreign words could be observed in almost every sphere of life. It occupied the leading position in political sphere of the country get accustomed wit h new concepts: president, inauguration, speaker, impeachment, electorate and others. such words began to form the layer of new social and political vocabulary. At last time, the main source of linguistic stuff became contemporaneous mass media. While reading compositions or watching TV every person is confronted with a great number of borrowed words. In this way, new concepts come into our life.\r\nThe speed of foreign words’ penetration became faster in spite of manner the development of mass media. It is necessary to stand for spheres of borrowing of English words such as: information technologies, a policy, the international relations and cooperation, assembly line sphere, cultural fundamental interaction of the countries and the people, sports. The process of adoption of new words is determined by nations’ contacts which generate a necessity of new concepts and ideas nomination. such(prenominal) words are usually the results of slightly nation’s innov ation in any sphere of science or technics. They may excessively appear as a consecutive result of snobbery, fashion. Nevertheless, there are essential linguistic reasons: for instance, the necessity to express polysemantic Russian words by means of foreign word or to widen the expressive means of a language, etc.\r\nIII Classification of borrowings\r\nlinguistic borrowing are words (morpheme or syntactic construction) and set expressions, moved from one language to another. The beginning of English borrowings in Russian language refers to the beginning of xvii century. Later by the middle of xix century loan-words entered Russian to become its essential part. The word-stock of international vocabulary was being arisen. 1. Loan-word can be a synonym to the original one:\r\nFor example: ФайÃ'‚еÃ'€ †боеÃ'†;\r\nÐÅ"ониÃ'‚оÃ'€Ð¸Ð½Ð³ †наблÃ'ŽÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ;\r\nКиллеÃ'€ †Ã'Æ'бий Ã'†Ð°;\r\nПиаÃ'€ †Ã'Ð²Ã'Ð·Ð¸ Ã' обÃ'‰ÐµÃ'Ã'‚венноÃ'Ã'‚Ã'Å'Ã'Ž;\r\nКонÃ'‚Ã'€Ð°ÐºÃ'‚ †договоÃ'€; etc.\r\n2. Loan-word can replace the Russian word:\r\nFor example: Секонд-Ã'Ã'Ð½Ð´ †комиÃ'Ã'Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ã'‹Ð¹ магазин; КомпÃ'Å'Ã'ŽÃ'‚еÃ'€ †ЭÐÐÅ";\r\nШоÃ'Æ' †пÃ'€ÐµÐ´Ã'Ã'‚авление; etc.\r\n3. Loan-word that has no equivalent in Russian language, new notions borrowed from another acculturation with the respective unit or concept: For example: СпÃ'€Ã'Ð¹;\r\nИнвеÃ'Ã'‚оÃ'€;\r\nÐиÃ'€Ã'‚Ã'Æ'алÃ'Å'нÃ'‹Ð¹;\r\nЛÃ'Ð¿Ã'‚оп;\r\nÐайджеÃ'Ã'‚; etc.\r\nIn almost cases the application of foreign words is not appropriate, in others †it is necessary, as these w ords make up an essential part of lexis, contumacious over the certain(prenominal) style.\r\nTypes of borrowings\r\nIt is feasible to fare the following groups of loan-words: 1. Direct borrowings. The words are met in Russian in the same(p) form and in the same sum as in the initial language. They are: â€Å"Ã'Æ'ик-Ã'Ð½Ð´â€ †weekend, leisure time; â€Å"блÃ'Ðºâ€ †black(man) or black; â€Å"мани” â€ money or cash. 2. Hybrids. These words were create by addition of Russian suffixes, prefixes and endings to the foreign root. In this way the meaning of the word a great deal changes. For example: â€Å"бÃ'Æ'зиÃ'‚Ã'Å'” (busy †беÃ'Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ¾Ð¹Ð½Ã'‹Ð¹, Ã'Ã'Æ'еÃ'‚ливÃ'‹Ð¹), â€Å"загÃ'Æ'глиÃ'‚Ã'Å'”, â€Å"лайкнÃ'Æ'Ã'‚Ã'Å'”, â€Å"Ã'‚виÃ'‚нÃ'Æ'Ã'‚Ã'Å'” and others. 3. Calques. Word of foreign origin using with the preservation of its phonetic and graphic shape. They are: â€Å"код”, â€Å"виÃ'€Ã'Æ'Ã'â€, â€Å"клÃ'Æ'б”, â€Å"диÃ'Ðºâ€, â€Å"Ã'Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð³â€, â€Å"бакÃ'â€, â€Å"ди-джей” etc. 4. Half-calques. nomenclature which after being grammatically assimilated were put under the grammatical rules of Russian language (suffixation). For example: â€Å"дÃ'€Ð°Ð¹Ð²â€ †â€Å"дÃ'€Ð°Ð¹Ð²Ð°â€ (drive) â€Å"давно не бÃ'‹Ð»Ð¾ Ã'‚акого дÃ'€Ð°Ð¹Ð²Ð°â€ †в знаÃ'‡ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¸ Ã'Ð½ÐµÃ'€Ð³ÐµÃ'‚ика, кÃ'Æ'Ã'€Ð°Ð¶.\r\n5. Exotisms. Such words are characterized by specific national usance or manners of foreign nations and are used to gift the atypical for Russian reality notions. The distinctive feature of them is that they confuse no equivalent or synonyms in Russian. For example: â€Å"Ã'‡Ð¸Ð¿Ã'Ã'‹â€ (chips), â€Å"Ã'оÃ'‚-дог” (hot-dog), â€Å"Ã'‡Ð¸Ð·Ð±Ã'Æ'Ã'€Ð³ÐµÃ'€â€ (cheeseburger). 6. Foreign lingual spots. Such words usually fall in lexical equivalents, but they stylistically differ from these equivalents and are used in the sphere of communication as expressive means to add a peculiar emotiveness to the speech. For example: â€Å"о’кей” â€ OK; â€Å"ваÃ'Æ'” †Wow. 7. Composites. Words which were made by means of two or more English lexical units. For example: â€Å"видео-Ã'Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð½â€ â€a special apartment for watching movies, â€Å"Ã'ÐµÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð´-Ã'Ã'Ð½Ð´â€ †a let out that sells the goods which expect already been used, â€Å"лаÃ'Æ'нж-баÃ'€â€ †a satisfied cocktail bar. 8. Jar gonisms. These are words appeared in bit of some sounds distortion. For example: â€Å"мÃ'‹Ð»Ð¾â€ †e-mail, â€Å"кÃ'€ÐµÐ·Ð°Ð½Ã'Æ'Ã'‚Ã'‹Ð¹, Ã'ˆÐ¸Ð·Ð°Ð½Ã'Æ'Ã'‚Ã'‹Ð¹â€ †crazy.\r\nIf to speak about the time period there are two major types of borrowings. The first type is presented by old borrowings which were actualized during last years with respect to the political and economical remainss modification. The southward type includes the number of loan-words which were made transferly during last years.\r\nIV Research part\r\nNowadays the language that influences Russian the most is English. It is unsurprisingly because English has become an international language and is used all over the world. With the help of the Internet and the mass media the number of English slang words are increasing. More and more people, both youth and grown-ups, use these words in their speech. These words are used in all sorts of activities: politics, fashion, trade, medicine, law, military, mass media, sports. I have analyzed:\r\n1. some TV programs;\r\n2. some wordpapers, magazines;\r\n3. the name of the shops in Novogrudok and capital of Belarus;\r\nto find out how late English borrowings have come into Russian.\r\n s a good deal 1 English borrowings on TV\r\nThe astronomicalgest part of borrowings comes from:\r\n* the names of some carry;\r\n* new kinds of programs invented in the USA and the UK;\r\n* new types of films;\r\n* sports programs;\r\n* music programs.\r\nThe titles of some changes check out English letters or words. For example: EuroSport, National Geographic channel, Discovery Channel, animal(prenominal) planet, Viasat History, Europe Plus, Kino club, Euro intelligence information. A big part of entertaining programs were invented in the USA. That’s why the names of some types of programs are English. We can name capital point, talk show, reality show, paranormal show. Modern types of s ome films have come also from the US, because the act picture arts were born there. It is a thriller, a detective, a western, a soap-opera, a love story, a sitcom, a fantasy, an action film. So many English words have entered the Russian speech from TV.\r\nA lot of English borrowings dedicated to different kinds of sports have come into Russian language. It is possible to explain it because many sports were originated in England. I will give for example channel TNT where some names of programs are English borrowings and it is brightly expressed. From TNT we know: Comedy club, Comedy woman, universal moving-picture show version, Interns, Nasha Russia. In appendix I quoted words, that more often than others we can hear on TV. Youth commercial music and popular-entertaining lease are in the lead. So I can say that English words influence on teenagers and their speech is full of English words.\r\n type 2 English borrowings in newspapers and magazines\r\nLots of people read magazine s and newspapers every day. And I have attempt to indicate the most used magazines and have noticed that many of them have English names. In the Internet I have institute information about the touchstone of all the magazines and magazines with English names. I looked by all the magazines and chose only those which contained English names. In the Internet I have found information about the quantity of journals and magazines with English names of Belarusian publishing houses. I looked by dint of all the magazines and chose only those which contained the English names. Even the articles in these journals contained different amounts of borrowings, all depended on the topic of the article and the magazine. â€Å"Cosmopolitan” is very popular with young people. Such Belarusian newspapers and magazines â€Å"Belarus now”, â€Å" insistencybol”, â€Å"Personal computer”, â€Å"Press hit”, the magazine â€Å"Minsk review”, the magazine â€Å"P lanet” are popular with people.\r\nPART 3 English borrowings in the names of the shops and some goods Borrowings have always come to the language through a variety of goods trade. And today, new harvests bring its contribution to linguistic borrowing. There are a lot of sources of borrowings. Among them I can name: * names of the stores;\r\n* names of cafes and restaurants;\r\n* product names;\r\n* household appliances.\r\nEvery day people go shop and find English words everywhere. Firstly, I would like to highlight the names of the stores in our townspeople and our capital †Minsk, in the title of which there are some English words and letters: Axis, Respect (shoe stores), Berghouse, Tom Tailor, Delta sport, Sportmaster, Belmarket, corporationive, Preston-market, Globo, Coolman, Maximus, Prostore and others. Every day people go shopping to buy different goods and the names of these items, write by a bright unmixed are well-remembered by consumers. We buy intellectual nourishment every day and see the words Coca-Cola, Sprite, Bubble Gum, Chupa-chups, Ice-tea, Sandwich, Cracker, Alpine gold, Chips, ФÃ'€Ã'Æ'кÃ'‚ Ã'‚айм, Nuts, Snickers, Picnic, Mars, Bounty, Red Bull, beefsteak, grapefruit, Juice, productive fruit and others. We use different cleaning products, washing powders. The names of these products are also easily included in our language. well-nigh words related to personal hygiene is also borrowed from the English language: Colgate, Fairy, Tide, Blend-a-med, Ariel, Mister Muskul, Clean, Vanish, Dove, question and Shoulders, Cleaning, Mather care, and others.\r\nFood for pets also brings its contribution to the borrowing of words: Pedigree, Whiskas, Puppy, Parrot, Royal Canine and others. house appliances and computer equipment have given us Cannon, Flash, Computer, Laptop, Notebook, iPhone, iPod, mp3Player, gadget, Smile, trader, level, IQ, chat, Sticker, names of kinds of music, Game, Player, Media, Mixer, Toast er, the names of many brands have become a part of our speech: Top shops, Top hits etc. Borrowings have come into fashion and become the names of cafes, clubs and restaurants: â€Å"Beatles”, â€Å"Blackberry”, â€Å"REST”, â€Å"Aero Cafe”, â€Å" duplicate Coffee”, â€Å"Chill Out”, â€Å" bottom City”, â€Å"Birhause”, â€Å"Europe”, â€Å"Overtime”, â€Å"capital of Wisconsin Royal Club”, â€Å"West mankind Club”, â€Å"Next Club” and others.\r\nPART 4 The questionnaire\r\nWe have asked the pupils of our school some questions on the topic English borrowings:\r\n1. How often do you use English words in your speech (except English lessons)?\r\n1. often\r\n2. sometimes\r\n3. do not use\r\n2. Is it possible to speak without English borrowings?\r\n1. yes\r\n2. no\r\n3. it’s difficult to answer\r\n3. Does Russian need English borrowings?\r\n1. yes\r\n2. no\r\n3. it’s difficult to answer\r\nResults of the questionnaire are presented in the appendix.\r\nConclusion\r\nDuring the study of intercultural communication of Russian and English languages it became clear that the process of new words’ borrowing occur intensively enough. So the history of the country has a great influence upon the history of the language. every last(predicate) events in the history such as: wars, revolutions, trade, economical and political contacts, new inventions and many others always have a definite reflection in the lexical system of a language. As for nowadays a great interest of linguists is concentrated upon the Russianâ€English lingual communication. Increase of informational flow, appearance of Internet, expansion of international relationships, development of world trade, economy, informational technologies, participation in various international competitions, fashion shows and other things are the reasons that caused the new words entering into Russian lexis.\r\nT he bareness of our society leads us to a extensive enlargement of mental outlook and simulacrum of interests, and to the improvement of foreign languages knowledge. The number of new concepts and phenomena Russian in origin is very limited. That’s why the adoption of already existing nomination with the respective notion and item is considered to be the most reputable and effective way of enlarging the vocabulary. We have seen that Russian language is not as taxonomical as English, or any other European languages, it is a stable changing and flexible system. According to this research we can see that modern Russian language can be hardly imagined without English words. The main sources of English borrowings are: Mass media, TV, magazines and Stores.\r\nIn this course project I have made the classification of loan-words which includes: direct borrowings, hybrids, calques, half-calques, exotisms, foreign lingual spots, composites and jargonisms. Besides there are some ot her classifications: according to the system-defined relations and according to the time period of borrowing the word. time will show us if these borrowings can change, enrich or deteriorate the image of Russian language. Time will define the future need of each loan-word which is to be finally adopted or rejected by linguistic flavor of the epoch. Russian language has a long history of adopting words compulsive by the necessity to perceive reclaimable information in the form of new words drawing on international experience. However, national originality of Russian language did not suffer at all from the penetration of foreign words into it, as the process of borrowing is quite natural way of any language enrichment. Russian language preserved its self-dependency and just got rich by means of borrowed words.\r\nSo on impart Sport and Belarus 2 we often hear such words as: football/Match/Football boots, Surfing/Windsurfing, Bodybuilding, bureau lifting, Basketball, Snowboard, F ree ride, Backcountry, Kickboxing/Mix fight. There are a lot of other kinds of sport: volleyball, tennis, auto sport, motorsport, baseball, skateboarding, Aerobic, Gymnastic, Break dance, arm sport, badminton, bobsleigh, bowling, darts, golf, curling, paintball, Rafting, squash, hockey, cheerleading and so on.\r\nThere are uncountable quantity of English words that we hear on TV. I want to repeat just a couple of(prenominal) of them which I often hear: TV, show, teenager, model, musical, show business, celebrity, style, fashion, trend, top, super, weekend, test-drive, up-grade, jazz, hip-hop, rap, pop, rock-and-roll, cover, PR-manager, image-maker, battle, freestyle, casting, comment, Hollywood, designer, track, boyfriend, price-list, exclusive.\r\nSome of the Belarus periodicals:\r\nAutoNews.by. locomote news.\r\nwww.autonews.by\r\nThe Internet newspaper â€Å"BSB NEWS”\r\nEconomic reviews, exchange rates, news, comments, coast services, events, reportings, author’ s materials. www.news.bsb.by\r\nThe newspaper â€Å"Autodigest”\r\nAutomobile weekly journal\r\nwww. ADT.by\r\nThe newspaper â€Å"Belarus Today”\r\nThe electronic version of the newspaper.\r\nwww.belarustoday.by\r\nThe newspaper â€Å"Pressbol”\r\nNews of the Belarus sports, interview, comments, statistics. www. PBby\r\nThe newspaper â€Å"Personal computer”\r\nThe news Internet, iron reviews, useful programs, councils skilled, humour and still is a lot of fire. www. PK.by\r\nThe newspaper â€Å"Press hit”\r\nWeekly the most interesting and actual articles from more than 100 newspapers of the world. www.presshit.by.ru\r\n time «MINSK REVIEW»\r\nReference magazine\r\n<http://www.minskreview.com>\r\nMagazine â€Å"Business”\r\nMonthly business magazine.\r\n<http://www.belbusiness.by>\r\nTo PART 4:\r\nResults of the questionnaire.\r\nList of lit:\r\n1. ÐÃ'€ÐµÐ¹Ã'‚еÃ'€ ÐÅ". А. «АнглиÃ'†Ð ¸Ð·Ð¼Ã'‹ в Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ã'Ã'ÐºÐ¾Ð¼ Ã'Ð·Ã'‹ÐºÐµ: иÃ'Ã'‚оÃ'€Ð¸Ã' и пеÃ'€Ã'Ð¿ÐµÐºÃ'‚ивÃ'‹Â», ÐладивоÃ'Ã'‚ок: издаÃ'‚елÃ'Å'Ã'Ã'‚во «Ðиалог», 1995. 2. ÐÃ'Æ'Ã'€Ã'Å'ева Т.Н. СловаÃ'€Ã'Å' иноÃ'Ã'‚Ã'€Ð°Ð½Ð½Ã'‹Ã' Ã'Ð»Ð¾Ð². †ÐÅ": ООО «ÐÅ"иÃ'€ книги», 2003. 3. ÐÃ'Å'Ã'ÐºÐ¾Ð² А. И. «ПÃ'€Ð¸Ã'‡Ð¸Ð½Ã'‹ инÃ'‚енÃ'Ð¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ заимÃ'Ã'‚вованиÃ' англиÃ'†Ð¸Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð² в Ã'Ð¾Ð²Ã'€ÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¼ Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ã'Ã'ÐºÐ¾Ð¼ Ã'Ð·Ã'‹ÐºÐµÂ», НовоÃ'Ð¸Ð±Ð¸Ã'€Ã'Ðº, издаÃ'‚елÃ'Å'Ã'Ã'‚во «ЯзÃ'‹Ðº и кÃ'Æ'лÃ'Å'Ã'‚Ã'Æ'Ã'€Ð °Â», 2003. 4. ÐÃ'Æ'Ã'€Ð°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ² А.Ф. ИноÃ'Ð·Ã'‹Ã'‡Ð½Ð¾Ðµ заимÃ'Ã'‚вование в Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ã'Ã'ÐºÐ¾Ð¼ пÃ'€Ð¾Ã'Ã'‚оÃ'€ÐµÃ'‡Ð¸Ð¸ (Ã'„онеÃ'‚ика, моÃ'€Ã'„ологиÃ', лекÃ'Ð¸Ã'‡ÐµÃ'ÐºÐ°Ã' Ã'ÐµÐ¼Ð°Ð½Ã'‚ика) // ÐоÃ'€Ð¾Ð´Ã'ÐºÐ¾Ðµ пÃ'€Ð¾Ã'Ã'‚оÃ'€ÐµÃ'‡Ð¸Ðµ. ÐÅ"., 1984 5. Кожевникова Ð. П., Николаева П. А. «ЛиÃ'‚еÃ'€Ð°Ã'‚Ã'Æ'Ã'€Ð½Ã'‹Ð¹ Ã'Ð½Ã'†Ð¸ÐºÐ»Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ã'‡ÐµÃ'ÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ã'Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ã'€Ã'Å'», ÐÅ"оÃ'ÐºÐ²Ð°, издаÃ'‚елÃ'Å'Ã'Ã'‚во «СовеÃ'‚Ã'ÐºÐ°Ã' Ã'Ð½Ã'†Ð¸ÐºÐ»Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ã'Â», 1987. 6. КÃ'€Ã'‹Ã'Ð¸Ð½ Л. П. «ИноÃ'Ð·Ã'‹Ã'‡Ð½Ã'‹Ðµ\r\nÃ'Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð° в Ã'Ð¾Ð²Ã'€ÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ жизни. РÃ'Æ'Ã'Ã'ÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ã'Ð·Ã'‹Ðº конÃ'†Ð° XX Ã'Ã'‚олеÃ'‚иÃ'Â», ÐÅ"оÃ'ÐºÐ²Ð°, 1996. 7. ЭлекÃ'‚Ã'€Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ã'‹Ð¹ Ã'Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ã'€Ã'Å' «ABBYY Lingvo 11» Ã'ˆÐµÃ'Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ã'Ð·Ã'‹ÐºÐ¾Ð², 2005. 8. www.belsmi.narod.ru.\r\n9. www.philology.ru\r\n10. www.wikipedia.org\r\n11. yazykoznanie.ru\r\n'